DOT(1)									DOT(1)NAME       dot - filter for drawing directed graphs       neato - filter for drawing undirected graphs       twopi - filter for radial layouts of graphs       circo - filter for circular layout of graphs       fdp - filter for drawing undirected graphs       sfdp - filter for drawing large undirected graphsSYNOPSIS       dot  [-(G|N|E)name=value]  [-Tlang]  [-llibfile] [-ooutfile] [-Klayout]       [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]       neato [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile]	[-n[1|2]]  [-ooutfile]       [-Klayout] [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]       twopi  [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile] [-Klayout]       [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]       circo [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile]  [-Klayout]       [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]       fdp  [-(G|N|E)name=value]  [-Tlang]  [-llibfile] [-ooutfile] [-Klayout]       [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]       sfdp [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile]  [-ooutfile]  [-Klayout]       [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]DESCRIPTION       dot draws directed graphs.  It works well on DAGs and other graphs that       can be drawn as hierarchies.   It  reads	 attributed  graph  files  and       writes  drawings.   By default, the output format dot is the input file       with layout coordinates appended.       neato draws undirected graphs using ''spring'' models (see  Kamada  and       Kawai,  Information  Processing Letters 31:1, April 1989).  Input files       must be formatted in the dot attributed graph  language.	  By  default,       the  output  of	neato  is  the	input  graph  with  layout coordinates       appended.       twopi draws graphs using a radial layout (see G.	 Wills,	 Symposium  on       Graph  Drawing  GD'97, September, 1997).	 Basically, one node is chosen       as the center and put at the origin.  The remaining nodes are placed on       a  sequence  of	concentric  circles  centered about the origin, each a       fixed radial distance from the previous circle.	All nodes  distance  1       from  the  center  are placed on the first circle; all nodes distance 1       from a node on the first circle are placed on the second circle; and so       forth.       circo  draws graphs using a circular layout (see Six and Tollis, GD '99       and ALENEX '99, and Kaufmann and Wiese, GD '02.)	 The  tool  identifies       biconnected  components	and draws the nodes of the component on a cir-       cle. The block-cutpoint tree is then laid out using a recursive	radial       algorithm.  Edge	 crossings within a circle are minimized by placing as       many edges on the circle's perimeter as possible.   In  particular,  if       the  component is outerplanar, the component will have a planar layout.       If a node belongs to multiple non-trivial biconnected  components,  the       layout  puts  the  node	in  one of them. By default, this is the first       non-trivial component found in the search from the root component.       fdp draws undirected graphs using a ''spring'' model. It	 relies	 on  a       force-directed  approach in the spirit of Fruchterman and Reingold (cf.       Software-Practice & Experience 21(11), 1991, pp. 1129-1164).       sfdp also draws undirected graphs using the ''spring'' model  described       above,  but  it uses a multi-scale approach to produce layouts of large       graphs in a reasonably short time.OUTPUT FORMATS       Dot uses an extensible plugin mechanism for its output renderers, so to       see  what  output formats your installation of dot supports you can use       ''dot -Txxx'' (where xxx is an unlikely format) and check  the  warning       message.	  Also, The plugin mechanism supports multiple implementations       of the output formats.  To see what variants are	 available,  use,  for       example:	 ''dot	-Tpng:''  and  to force a particular variant, use, for       example: ''dot -Tpng:gd''       Traditionally, dot supports the	following:  -Tps  (PostScript),	 -Tsvg       -Tsvgz  (Structured  Vector  Graphics),	-Tfig  (XFIG  graphics), -Tmif       (FrameMaker graphics), -Thpgl (HP pen plotters),	 and  -Tpcl  (Laserjet       printers),  -Tpng -Tgif (bitmap graphics), -Tdia (GTK+ based diagrams),       -Timap (imagemap files for httpd servers for each node or edge that has       a non-null "href" attribute.), -Tcmapx (client-side imagemap for use in       html and xhtml).	 Additional less common or more special-purpose output       formats	 can  be  found	 at  http://www.graphviz.org/cvs/doc/info/out-       put.html.)       Alternative plugins providing support for a given output format can  be       found from the error message resulting from appending a ':' to the for-       mat. e.g. -Tpng: The first plugin listed is always the default.       The -P switch can be used to produce a graph  of	 all  output  variants       supported by plugins in the local installation of graphviz.GRAPH FILE LANGUAGE       Here  is	 a  synopsis  of  the  graph file language, normally using the       extension .gv, for graphs:       [strict] (graph|digraph) name { statement-list }       Is the top level graph. If the graph is strict then multiple edges  are       not  allowed  between  the  same	 pairs	of nodes.  If it is a directed       graph, indicated by digraph, then the edgeop must be "->". If it is  an       undirected graph then the edgeop must be "--".  Statements may be:       name=val;       node [name=val];       edge [name=val];       Set  default graph, node, or edge attribute name to val.	 Any subgraph,       node, or edge appearing after this inherits the new default attributes.       n0 [name0=val0,name1=val1,...]; Creates node n0 (if it does not already       exist) and sets its attributes according to the optional list.       n0 edgeop n1 edgeop ... edgeop nn [name0=val0,name1=val1,...];       Creates edges between nodes n0, n1, ..., nn and sets  their  attributes       according to the optional list.	Creates nodes as necessary.       [subgraph name] { statement-list }       Creates	a  subgraph.  Subgraphs may be used in place of n0, ..., nn in       the above statements to create edges.  [subgraph name] is optional;  if       missing, the subgraph is assigned an internal name.       Comments may be /*C-like*/ or //C++-like.       Attribute names and values are ordinary (C-style) strings.  The follow-       ing sections describe attributes that control graph layout.GRAPH ATTRIBUTES       size="x,y" sets bounding box of drawing in inches.       page="x,y" sets the PostScript pagination unit.       ratio=f sets the aspect ratio to f which may be a floating  point  num-       ber, or one of the keywords fill, compress, or auto.       layout=engine  indicates	 the  preferred layout engine ("dot", "neato",       fdp" etc) overriding the default from the basename of  the  command  or       the -K commandline option.       margin=f sets the page margin (included in the page size).       nodesep=f sets the minimum separation between nodes.       ranksep=f sets the minimum separation between ranks.       ordering=out  constrains	 order of out-edges in a subgraph according to       their file sequence.       rankdir=LR|RL|BT	 requests  a  left-to-right,  right-to-left,  or  bot-       tom-to-top, drawing.       pagedir=[TBLR][TBLR] sets the major and minor order of pagination.       rank=same  (or min or max) in a subgraph constrains the rank assignment       of its nodes.   If a subgraph's name has the prefix cluster, its	 nodes       are  drawn  in  a  distinct  rectangle  of the layout.  Clusters may be       nested.       rotate=90 sets landscape mode.  (orientation=land is backward  compati-       ble but obsolete.)       center=n a non-zero value centers the drawing on the page.       nslimit=f  or mclimit=f adjusts the bound on the number of network sim-       plex  or	 mincross  iterations  by  the	given  ratio.	For   example,       mclimit=2.0 runs twice as long.       layers="id:id:id:id"  is	 a  sequence  of layer identifiers for overlay       diagrams.  The PostScript array variable layercolorseq sets the assign-       ment of colors to layers. The least index is 1 and each element must be       a 3-element array to be interpreted as a color coordinate.       color=colorvalue sets foreground color (bgcolor for background).       href="url" the default url for image map files;	in  PostScript	files,       the  base URL for all relative URLs, as recognized by Acrobat Distiller       3.0 and up.       URL="url" ("URL" is a synonym for "href".)       stylesheet="file.css" includes a reference to a stylesheet in -Tsvg and       -Tsvgz outputs.	Ignored by other formats.       splines.	 If  set to true, edges are drawn as splines.  If set to poly-       line, edges are drawn as polylines.  If set to ortho, edges  are	 drawn       as  orthogonal  polylines.   In	all  of these cases, the nodes may not       overlap.	 If splines=false or splines=line, edges  are  drawn  as  line       segments.   The	default	 is true for dot, and false for all other lay-       outs.       (neato-specific attributes)       start=val.  Requests random initial placement and seeds the random num-       ber  generator.	 If  val  is not an integer, the process ID or current       time is used as the seed.       epsilon=n.  Sets the cutoff for the solver.  The default is 0.1.       (twopi-specific attributes)       root=ctr. This specifies the node to be used as the center of the  lay-       out.  If	 not specified, twopi will randomly pick one of the nodes that       are furthest from a leaf node, where a leaf node is a node of degree 1.       If no leaf nodes exists, an arbitrary node is picked as center.       ranksep=val.  Specifies	the  radial  distance  in  inches  between the       sequence of rings. The default is 0.75.       overlap=mode. This specifies what twopi should do if any nodes overlap.       If  mode	 is  "false",  the program uses Voronoi diagrams to adjust the       nodes to eliminate overlaps. If mode is "scale",	 the  layout  is  uni-       formly scaled up, preserving node sizes, until nodes no longer overlap.       The latter technique removes overlaps  while  preserving	 symmetry  and       structure,  while  the  former  removes	overlaps  more	compactly  but       destroys symmetries.  If mode is "true" (the default), no repositioning       is done.       (circo-specific attributes)       root=nodename.  Specifies  the  name  of	 a  node occurring in the root       block. If the graph is disconnected, the root  node  attribute  can  be       used to specify additional root blocks.       mindist=value.  Sets  the  minimum separation between all nodes. If not       specified then circo uses a default value of 1.0.       (fdp-specific attributes)       K=val. Sets the default ideal node separation in the layout.       maxiter=val. Sets the maximum number of iterations used to  layout  the       graph.       start=val. Adjusts the random initial placement of nodes with no speci-       fied position.  If val is is an integer, it is used as the seed for the       random  number  generator.   If	val  is	 not an integer, a random sys-       tem-generated integer, such as the process ID or current time, is  used       as the seed.NODE ATTRIBUTES       height=d	 or  width=d  sets  minimum  height  or	 width.	 Adding fixed-       size=true forces these to be the actual size (text labels are ignored).       shape=record polygon epsf builtin_polygon       builtin_polygon	is  one of: plaintext ellipse oval circle egg triangle       box diamond trapezium parallelogram  house  hexagon  octagon  note  tab       box3d  component.   (Polygons  are defined or modified by the following       node attributes: regular, peripheries, sides,  orientation,  distortion       and  skew.)   epsf uses the node's shapefile attribute as the path name       of an external EPSF file to be automatically loaded for the node shape.       label=text  where  text	may include escaped newlines \n, \l, or \r for       center, left, and right justified lines.	 The string '\N' value will be       replaced	 by  the node name.  The string '\G' value will be replaced by       the graph name.	Record labels may contain recursive box	 lists	delim-       ited  by { | }.	Port identifiers in labels are set off by angle brack-       ets < >.	 In the graph file, use colon (such as, node0:port28).       fontsize=n sets the label type size to n points.       fontname=name sets the label font family name.       color=colorvalue sets the outline color, and the default fill color  if       style=filled and fillcolor is not specified.       fillcolor=colorvalue  sets  the	fill  color when style=filled.	If not       specified, the fillcolor when style=filled defaults to be the  same  as       the outline color.       fontcolor=colorvalue sets the label text color.       A  colorvalue  may  be  "h,s,v"	(hue, saturation, brightness) floating       point numbers between 0 and 1, or an X11 color name such as white black       red  green  blue yellow magenta cyan or burlywood, or a "#rrggbb" (red,       green, blue, 2 hex characters each) value.       style=filled solid dashed dotted bold invis or any Postscript code.       layer=id or id:id or "all" sets the node's active  layers.   The	 empty       string means no layers (invisible).       The following attributes apply only to polygon shape nodes:       regular=n  if n is non-zero then the polygon is made regular, i.e. sym-       metric about the x and y axis,  otherwise  the  polygon	takes  on  the       aspect ratio of the label.  builtin_polygons that are not already regu-       lar are made regular by	this  attribute.   builtin_polygons  that  are       already	regular	 are  not affected (i.e.  they cannot be made asymmet-       ric).       peripheries=n sets the number of periphery lines drawn around the poly-       gon.    This   value  supersedes	 the  number  of  periphery  lines  of       builtin_polygons.       sides=n sets the number of sides to the	polygon.  n<3  results	in  an       ellipse.	 This attribute is ignored by builtin_polygons.       orientation=f  sets  the	 orientation  of the first apex of the polygon       counterclockwise from the vertical, in degrees.	f may  be  a  floating       point  number.	The  orientation  of  labels  is  not affected by this       attribute.  This attribute is  added  to	 the  initial  orientation  of       builtin_polygons.       distortion=f  sets the amount of broadening of the top and narrowing of       the bottom of the polygon  (relative  to	 its  orientation).   Floating       point  values  between  -1  and	+1  are	 suggested.  This attribute is       ignored by builtin_polygons.       skew=f sets the amount of right-displacement of the top	and  left-dis-       placement  of  the bottom of the polygon (relative to its orientation).       Floating point values between -1 and +1 are suggested.  This  attribute       is ignored by builtin_polygons.       href="url"  sets	 the  url for the node in imagemap, PostScript and SVG       files.  The substrings '\N' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner       as  for	the  node label attribute.  Additionally the substring '\L' is       substituted with the node label string.       URL="url" ("URL" is a synonym for "href".)       target="target" is a target string for client-side imagemaps  and  SVG,       effective  when	nodes have a URL.  The target string is used to deter-       mine which window of the browser is used for the URL.   Setting	it  to       "_graphviz"  will  open	a  new	window if it doesn't already exist, or       reuse it if it does.  If the target string is empty, the default,  then       no target attribute is included in the output.  The substrings '\N' and       '\G' are	 substituted  in  the  same  manner  as	 for  the  node	 label       attribute.   Additionally  the  substring  '\L' is substituted with the       node label string.       tooltip="tooltip" is a tooltip string  for  client-side	imagemaps  and       SVG,  effective	when nodes have a URL.	The tooltip string defaults to       be the same as the label string, but this attribute permits nodes with-       out  labels  to still have tooltips thus permitting denser graphs.  The       substrings '\N' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for  the       node  label  attribute.	Additionally the substring '\L' is substituted       with the node label string.       (circo-specific attributes)       root=true/false. This specifies that the	 block	containing  the	 given       node be treated as the root of the spanning tree in the layout.       (fdp-specific attributes)       pin=val.	 If  val  is "true", the node will remain at its initial posi-       tion.EDGE ATTRIBUTES       minlen=n where n is an integer factor that applies to the  edge	length       (ranks for normal edges, or minimum node separation for flat edges).       weight=n	 where n is the integer cost of the edge.  Values greater than       1 tend to shorten the edge.  Weight 0 flat edges are ignored for order-       ing nodes.       label=text  where  text	may include escaped newlines \n, \l, or \r for       centered, left, or right justified lines.  If  the  substring  '\T'  is       found  in  a  label  it will be replaced by the tail_node name.	If the       substring '\H' is found in a label it will be replaced by the head_node       name.   If  the	substring  '\E'	 value	is found in a label it will be       replaced by: tail_node_name->head_node_name If the  substring  '\G'  is       found  in  a  label  it	will  be  replaced  by the graph name.	or by:       tail_node_name--head_node_name for undirected graphs.       fontsize=n sets the label type size to n points.       fontname=name sets the label font family name.       fontcolor=colorvalue sets the label text color.       style=solid dashed dotted bold invis       color=colorvalue sets the line color for edges.       color=colorvaluelist a ':' separated list of colorvalue creates	paral-       lel edges, one edge for each color.       dir=forward back both none controls arrow direction.       tailclip,headclip=false disables endpoint shape clipping.       href="url"  sets	 the  url for the node in imagemap, PostScript and SVG       files.  The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in the       same  manner  as	 for  the edge label attribute.	 Additionally the sub-       string '\L' is substituted with the edge label string.       URL="url" ("URL" is a synonym for "href".)       target="target" is a target string for client-side imagemaps  and  SVG,       effective  when	edges  have a URL.  If the target string is empty, the       default, then no target attribute  is  included	in  the	 output.   The       substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner       as for the edge label attribute.	 Additionally the  substring  '\L'  is       substituted with the edge label string.       tooltip="tooltip"  is a tooltip string for client-side imagemaps effec-       tive when edges have a URL.  The tooltip string defaults to be the same       as the edge label string.  The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are       substituted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute.	 Addi-       tionally	 the substring '\L' is substituted with the edge label string.       arrowhead,arrowtail=none, normal, inv, dot, odot, invdot, invodot, tee,       empty, invempty, open, halfopen, diamond, odiamond, box, obox, crow.       arrowsize				 (norm_length=10,norm_width=5,       inv_length=6,inv_width=7,dot_radius=2)       headlabel,taillabel=string for port labels.   labelfontcolor,labelfont-       name,labelfontsize  for	head  and  tail	 labels.  The substrings '\T',       '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the  edge       label  attribute.   Additionally the substring '\L' is substituted with       the edge label string.       headhref="url" sets the url for the head port in	 imagemap,  PostScript       and  SVG	 files.	  The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substi-       tuted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute.  Additionally       the substring '\L' is substituted with the edge label string.       headURL="url" ("headURL" is a synonym for "headhref".)       headtarget="headtarget"	is  a  target string for client-side imagemaps       and SVG, effective when edge heads have a URL.  The  headtarget	string       is  used	 to determine which window of the browser is used for the URL.       If the  headtarget  string  is  empty,  the  default,  then  headtarget       defaults	 to  the  same	value  as target for the edge.	The substrings       '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the       edge  label  attribute.	Additionally the substring '\L' is substituted       with the edge label string.       headtooltip="tooltip" is a tooltip  string  for	client-side  imagemaps       effective  when	head ports have a URL.	The tooltip string defaults to       be the same as the headlabel string.  The substrings  '\T',  '\H',  and       '\E'  are  substituted  in  the	same  manner  as  for  the  edge label       attribute.  Additionally the substring '\L'  is	substituted  with  the       edge label string.       tailhref="url"  sets  the url for the tail port in imagemap, PostScript       and SVG files.  The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and  '\G'  are  substi-       tuted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute.  Additionally       the substring '\L' is substituted with the edge label string.       tailURL="url" ("tailURL" is a synonym for "tailhref".)       tailtarget="tailtarget" is a target string  for	client-side  imagemaps       and  SVG,  effective when edge tails have a URL.	 The tailtarget string       is used to determine which window of the browser is used for  the  URL.       If  the	tailtarget  string  is	empty,	the  default,  then tailtarget       defaults to the same value as target  for  the  edge.   The  substrings       '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the       edge label attribute.  Additionally the substring '\L'  is  substituted       with the edge label string.       tailtooltip="tooltip"  is  a  tooltip  string for client-side imagemaps       effective when tail ports have a URL.  The tooltip string  defaults  to       be  the	same as the taillabel string.  The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E'       and '\G' are substituted in the same  manner  as	 for  the  edge	 label       attribute.   Additionally  the  substring  '\L' is substituted with the       edge label string.       labeldistance and port_label_distance set distance; also labelangle (in       degrees CCW)       decorate draws line from edge to label.       samehead,sametail  aim  edges  having  the same value to the same port,       using the average landing point.       constraint=false causes an edge to be ignored for rank assignment.       layer=id or id:id or "all" sets the edge's active  layers.   The	 empty       string means no layers (invisible).       (neato-specific attributes)       w=f  sets the weight (spring constant) of an edge to the given floating       point value.  The default is 1.0; greater values	 make  the  edge  tend       more toward its optimal length.       len=f sets the optimal length of an edge.  The default is 1.0.       (fdp-specific attributes)       weight=f	 sets the weight of an edge to the given floating point value.       The default is 1.0; greater values make the edge tend more  toward  its       optimal length.COMMAND LINE OPTIONS       -G sets a default graph attribute.       -N sets a default node attribute.       -E  sets	 a  default edge attribute.  Example: -Gsize="7,8" -Nshape=box       -Efontsize=8       -lfile loads custom PostScript library  files.	Usually	 these	define       custom  shapes  or  styles.   If	 -l  is	 given by itself, the standard       library is omitted.       -Tlang sets the output language as described above.       -n[1|2] (no-op) If set, neato assumes nodes  have  already  been	 posi-       tioned  and  all	 nodes	have a pos attribute giving the positions.  It       then performs an	 optional  adjustment  to  remove  node-node  overlap,       depending on the value of the overlap attribute, computes the edge lay-       outs, depending on the value of the splines attribute,  and  emits  the       graph  in  the  appropriate  format.  If num is supplied, the following       actions occur:	   num = 1       Equivalent to -n.	   num > 1       Use node positions as specified, with no adjustment to remove node-node       overlaps,  and  use  any	 edge  layouts	already	 specified  by the pos       attribute.  neato computes an edge layout for any edge  that  does  not       have  a	pos attribute.	As usual, edge layout is guided by the splines       attribute.       -Klayout override the default layout  engine  implied  by  the  command       name.       -O  automatically generate output filenames based on the input filename       and the -T format.       -P generate a graph of the currently available plugins.       -v (verbose) prints various information useful for debugging.       -V (version) prints version information and exits.       -? prints the usage and exits.EXAMPLES       digraph test123 {	       a -> b -> c;	       a -> {x y};	       b [shape=box];	       c [label="hello\nworld",color=blue,fontsize=24,		    fontname="Palatino-Italic",fontcolor=red,style=filled];	       a -> z [label="hi", weight=100];	       x -> z [label="multi-line\nlabel"];	       edge [style=dashed,color=red];	       b -> x;	       {rank=same; b x}       }       graph test123 {	       a -- b -- c;	       a -- {x y};	       x -- c [w=10.0];	       x -- y [w=5.0,len=3];       }CAVEATS       Edge splines can overlap unintentionally.       Flat edge labels are slightly broken.   Intercluster  edge  labels  are       totally broken.       Because unconstrained optimization is employed, node boxes can possibly       overlap or touch unrelated edges.  All existing spring  embedders  seem       to have this limitation.       Apparently  reasonable attempts to pin nodes or adjust edge lengths and       weights can cause instability.AUTHORS       Stephen C. North 
    
            Emden R. Gansner 
     
             John C. Ellson 
      
              The  bitmap   driver   (PNG,   GIF   etc)   is	by   Thomas   Boutell,       
       
               The  Truetype font renderer is from the Freetype Project (David Turner,       Robert  Wilhelm,	 and  Werner  Lemberg)	(who  can  be	contacted   at       freetype-devel@lists.lrz-muenchen.de).SEE ALSO       This  man  page contains only a small amount of the information related       to the Graphviz layout programs. The most complete information  can  be       found  at  http://www.graphviz.org/Documentation.php, especially in the       on-line reference pages. Most of these documents are also available  in       the doc and doc/info subtrees in the source and binary distributions.       dotty(1)       tcldot(n)       xcolors(1)       libgraph(3)       E.  R.  Gansner,	 S.  C.	 North,	  K.  P.  Vo, "DAG - A Program to Draw       Directed Graphs", Software - Practice and Experience 17(1),  1988,  pp.       1047-1062.       E.  R. Gansner, E. Koutsofios, S. C. North,  K. P. Vo, "A Technique for       Drawing Directed Graphs," IEEE Trans. on Soft. Eng.  19(3),  1993,  pp.       214-230.       S.  North  and  E.  Koutsofios,	"Applications of graph visualization",       Graphics Interface 94, pp. 234-245.       E. Koutsofios and S. C. North, "Drawing Graphs with dot," Available  on       research.att.com in dist/drawdag/dotguide.ps.Z.       S.  C.  North, "NEATO User's Manual".  Available on research.att.com in       dist/drawdag/neatodoc.ps.Z.				23 August 2004				DOT(1)